ABSTRACT
Aims: To know the rainfall and temperature trend for all the districts of Karnataka state to develop suitable coping mechanisms for changing weather conditions during the cropping season. Study Design: The available daily data of rainfall (1971-2011) and minimum and maximum temperature (1971-2007) for each district was collected from NICRA-ICAR website. A non-parametric model such as the Mann-Kendall (MK) test complemented with Sen’s slope estimator was used to determine the magnitude of the trend. Place and Duration of Study: The rainfall data of 41 years (1971-2011) and temperature data of 37 years (1971-2007) was collected for all 27 districts of Karnataka. Methodology: Basic statistics related to rainfall like mean, standard deviation (SD), the coefficient of variation (CV) and the percentage contribution to annual rainfall were computed for monthly and season-wise. Mann-Kendall test was used to detect trend for rainfall as well as temperature. Results: An increasing trend in rainfall during winter, monsoon and annual basis for all most all the districts of Karnataka and decreasing trend of rainfall during pre and post-monsoon season was noticed. An early cessation of rainfall during September month in all most all the districts of Karnataka was observed. Similarly, monthly mean, maximum and the minimum temperature had shown an increasing trend over the past 37 years for all the districts of Karnataka. Conclusion: The more variation in rainfall during the pre-monsoon season was observed, which is more important for land preparation and other operations. The increasing trend of maximum and minimum temperature throughout the year may often cause a reduction in crop yield. It is necessary to change crops with its short duration varieties in order to avoid late season drought.
ABSTRACT
Background: The pregnancy results in the development of the placenta which is characterized by the hormonal changes in the women body, which results in the alteration of lipid profile, diabetic state of the pregnant mothers and many others. Objective of this study was to compare the of serum lipid profile between normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted by the department of OBG, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan from July 2018 to December 2018. A total of 6 months the study was conducted. A total of 50 pregnant mothers who were more than 20 weeks of gestation and suffering from Preeclampsia were include in the study group and 50 Pregnant mothers who were more than 20 weeks of gestation and normotensive were included in the controls.Results: Majority of the study subjects in both the groups were less than 25 years of age. The mean age of mothers in study group was 23.19 years and 24.19 years in the control group. The mean HDL level was more among the normotensive group than the pre eclamptic group and the p value was found to be statistically insignificant. The VLDL, LDL and triglyceride level was more in the pre eclamptic group than the normotensive group and the association was also found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Hormonal changes in pregnancy results in physiological Hyperlipidemia, in conditions like pre-eclampsia triglyceride are elevated more than the normal rise seen in normal pregnancy. Increased lipid profile with raised TG, VLDL, LDL levels leads to the development of Preeclampsia by increasing the oxidative stress and the endothelial dysfunction.
ABSTRACT
The stability of three allergens common in tropical countries was evaluated under different storage conditions. Prosopis juliflora (PJ), Rhizopus nigricans (RN), and wheat dust (WD), were taken as representatives of various groups of allergens viz, pollen, fungi and dust. The extracts were stored in buffer containing phenol (0.4%) or glycerol (50%) at temperatures ranging from 4-55 degrees C for 15 to 60 days. Protein content of PJ extract was reduced remarkably when it was stored at 40 degrees C for 45 days. Thin layer isoelectric focusing and rocket immunoelectrophoresis of PJ showed that certain antigenic proteins degrade rapidly even at 25 degrees C as early as day 15. However, two to three proteins of PJ remain stable at a higher temperature (40 degrees C) for two months. Relative radioallergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition showed substantial loss of allergenic activity in all the three extracts, when stored at higher temperatures (25-55 degrees C) even for short durations, i.e., 15 days. Extracts (PJ and RN) containing 50% glycerol were found to be stable, retaining more than 50% activity, even when stored at 55 degrees C for 40 days, while extracts without glycerol lost more than 75% of their allergenic activity. However, addition of glycerol did not change the stability of wheat dust allergenic extract. The present findings indicate that allergenic extracts behave differently when stored. Hence, the stability of each extract should be determined individually.